Waterworks sludge from sedimentation process in conventional drinking water treatment plant, recovery tests under aluminum adding H2SO4, thickening and settling properties were investigated. Using H2SO4, was recovered 60-70% of the initial concentration of aluminum in the sludge, and pH=1.5 Und mixture 5-30 minutes. For testing the settleability and thickening Nalclear 8173 and Trafloc 496 polymers were used. With a significance level of 0.05, the settling properties significant for SST and turbidity removal was obtained; there were no significant differences between the polymers; dose efficiencies presented significant removal was 10 mg/L. In thickening, adding Trafloc and the time factor influenced significantly on removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, TSS and turbidity; there were no significant differences between the doses of polymer used. The settleability provided best technical conditions for the treatment of sludge tested.

This research paper presents a methodology for the analysis of vulnerabi­lity of water supply sources with regional results (Popayan and Cajibío), considering the following points: 1) incorporation of relevant indicators of municipal water supply sources, 2) Local knowledge on perception, and identification of climate related problems, 3) mathematical procedures and adjust the algorithm for calculating the vulnerability and 4) coordination with territorial planning instruments. As a result, the vulnerability in the current scenario of the Rio Las Piedras subbasin (Popayán) is medium low (0.42) product generated by adaptive capacity developed synergistic processes between local actors; in contrast, the basin of the river Michicao (Cajibio) has a high average vulnerability (0.54) due to social dislocation, low institutional presence and zero environmental investment.

Colombian coffee producers have had to face the severe consequences of the coffee rust disease since it was first reported in the country in 1983. Recently, machine learning researchers have tried to predict infection through classifiers such as decision trees, regression Support Vector Ma­chines (SVM), non-deterministic classifiers and Bayesian Networks, but it has been theoretically and empirically demonstrated that combining multiple classifiers can substantially improve the classification perfor­mance of the constituent members. An Early Warning System (EWS) for coffee rust disease was therefore proposed based on Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) and SVM to compute the binary functions of Plant Density, Shadow Level, Soil Acidity, Last Nighttime Rainfall Intensity and Last Days Relative Humidity.

 This article sustains that knowledge of materials and their processing are key factors of technological and industrial development. The industrial revolutions of the past centuries are evidence of the relationship between the dynamics of innovation and technology of materials. The materials knowledge field has as principal challenges confront the scarcity of raw materials and the reduction of environmental impact due to processing and final waste disposal. This has generated the need to strengthen the scientific and professional training materials to support national produc­tion systems and create value. The materials is a strategic area in many developed countries due to its importance of materials on the technology development. Finally, the article discuss the sharp increase in graduate programs in the area of materials against the small number of undergra­duate programs in engineering materials.

This article shows the results of the study “Patterns of technological innovation in Colombian manufacturing. The case of Metal Mechanics Sector in Barranquilla.” The article begins with a detailed review of the international literature to define the variables or indicators of the study; then it shows the results of a factor and cluster analysis, which indicate the existence of three groups of enterprises with innovation patterns defined according to its degree or level of innovation commitment: high, medium or low. Additionally, it is developed a structural analysis to de­termine causal relationships between those factors. With the results the authors builds an analysis model and an innovative profile as a model for Colombian manufacturing companies. These results are accompanied by a set of proposed strategies and actions aimed at the enterprises capacities strengthening in terms of their innovative effort.

 The ozone generation systems generally use the pulse amplitude modula­tion (PAM) to vary or control the ozone concentration. The results obtained after the implementation of pulse density modulation (PDM) in the power supply system of an ozone generation and the improvement achieved in the efficiency curve is presented in this paper. PAM and PDM techniques were applied in ozone generation system with push-pull inverter resonant self. The adjusted voltage amplitude of the PDM waveform power is de­termined from the condition of the PAM waveform where the maximum efficiency was obtained; Thus achieving increased efficiency in 60% of operating points ozone generation system.

The premium of the sum of two risks X and Y with positive dependence PQD and NQD negative dependence and its impact is studied in this paper using copulas as the general structure that governs such dependence. We propose a demonstration of Hoeffding’s lemma and is used to calculate the variance of . X Y+ Various premium principles (variance, standard deviation, variance as amended) and most commonly used measures of dependence (  of Kendall, dependence on the tail) are propoused and used. Several numerical examples risks of dependence with some Archi­medean copulas are presented.

This paper reports the investigation results addressed to design of a di­gital image processing method for automate the registration and control process of livestock marks according to Colombian regulations livestock sector. It allows automate the process of search and comparison required for livestock mark uniqueness assurance on a computer assisted system. First, a histogram is generated based on statistical distribution of geome­trical information, which permit to detect similarities between registered marks by means Minkowski-based metric. The results show that the method allows discriminating between images using a digital signature from a Shape Distribution the geometric structure reducing ambiguity and ensuring the uniqueness of registered marks. We show the results and make an analysis of system application

In the last thirty years telecom service provisioning has changed signifi­cantly. In the early years, there were static and rigid provisioning models and these were controlled by only one business actor. After that, a new flexible and dynamic provisioning models whit a lot stakeholder in the value chain appeared in the telecom market. Approaches have proposed service provisioning models for telecom operator; however, it’s not clear what process have to carry out in each services lifecycle phase in order to integrate different service provisioning models in an efficient way. In this paper, we present an approach to initial model of convergent services provisioning emphasizing in those generic processes inside of design, deployment and operation service. Moreover, we built an automatic me­chanism for initial deployment in a convergent environment based on the process defined in that service phase. Finally, we validate that automatic mechanism whit a scalability test.