Waterworks sludge from sedimentation process in conventional drinking water treatment plant, recovery tests under aluminum adding H2SO4, thickening and settling properties were investigated. Using H2SO4, was recovered 60-70% of the initial concentration of aluminum in the sludge, and pH=1.5 Und mixture 5-30 minutes. For testing the settleability and thickening Nalclear 8173 and Trafloc 496 polymers were used. With a significance level of 0.05, the settling properties significant for SST and turbidity removal was obtained; there were no significant differences between the polymers; dose efficiencies presented significant removal was 10 mg/L. In thickening, adding Trafloc and the time factor influenced significantly on removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, TSS and turbidity; there were no significant differences between the doses of polymer used. The settleability provided best technical conditions for the treatment of sludge tested.
Mónica Patricia Valencia Rojas, Apolinar Figueroa Casas, Diana Marcela Ruiz Ordóñez, Juan Diego Otero Sarmiento, Juan Pablo Martínez Idrobo, Victoria Eugenia Ceballos Sarria, Samir Carlos Joaquí Daza, Dayan González Quijano
This research paper presents a methodology for the analysis of vulnerability of water supply sources with regional results (Popayan and Cajibío), considering the following points: 1) incorporation of relevant indicators of municipal water supply sources, 2) Local knowledge on perception, and identification of climate related problems, 3) mathematical procedures and adjust the algorithm for calculating the vulnerability and 4) coordination with territorial planning instruments. As a result, the vulnerability in the current scenario of the Rio Las Piedras subbasin (Popayán) is medium low (0.42) product generated by adaptive capacity developed synergistic processes between local actors; in contrast, the basin of the river Michicao (Cajibio) has a high average vulnerability (0.54) due to social dislocation, low institutional presence and zero environmental investment.
Factors determining the socio-ecological resilience for andean mountains
Samir Joaqui Daza, Apolinar Figueroa Casas
This review article is framed in the development of a doctoral thesis, it analyzes the traditional processes of management and planification which have had a disciplinary approach to cope environmental issues, such as climate change in the high mountain and whose proposal has centered on the management and mitigation of the environmental impacts generated by human activities. However, environmental degradation is increasing, due to the conceptual basis on which are based the management tools are usually decontextualized, assuming that socio ecological relationships can be disaggregated to be analyzed and that natural phenomena are predictable and controllable. Considering this, it is proposed the incorporation of complementary theories such as the socio ecosystems, the resilience, transformability and vulnerability.
Early warning system for coffee rust disease based on error correcting output codes: a proposal
David Camilo Corrales, Andrés J. Peña Q, Carlos León, Apolinar Figueroa, Juan Carlos Corrales
Colombian coffee producers have had to face the severe consequences of the coffee rust disease since it was first reported in the country in 1983. Recently, machine learning researchers have tried to predict infection through classifiers such as decision trees, regression Support Vector Machines (SVM), non-deterministic classifiers and Bayesian Networks, but it has been theoretically and empirically demonstrated that combining multiple classifiers can substantially improve the classification performance of the constituent members. An Early Warning System (EWS) for coffee rust disease was therefore proposed based on Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) and SVM to compute the binary functions of Plant Density, Shadow Level, Soil Acidity, Last Nighttime Rainfall Intensity and Last Days Relative Humidity.
Contributions in training in materials science and engineering
Juan Manuel Vélez Restrepo, Juan Manuel Jaramillo
This article sustains that knowledge of materials and their processing are key factors of technological and industrial development. The industrial revolutions of the past centuries are evidence of the relationship between the dynamics of innovation and technology of materials. The materials knowledge field has as principal challenges confront the scarcity of raw materials and the reduction of environmental impact due to processing and final waste disposal. This has generated the need to strengthen the scientific and professional training materials to support national production systems and create value. The materials is a strategic area in many developed countries due to its importance of materials on the technology development. Finally, the article discuss the sharp increase in graduate programs in the area of materials against the small number of undergraduate programs in engineering materials.
An algorithm based on a granular tabu search for the solution of a vehicle routing problem by considering heterogeneous fleet
Duván Eduardo Puenayán, Julio César Londoño, John Willmer Escobar, Rodrigo Linfati
This paper considers the vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous fleet (VRPH), which tries to determine the routes to be constructed for satisfying the demand of the customers by considering a fleet of vehicles with different capacities and costs not homogeneous. The main objective is to minimize the distance traversed by the different vehicles. This paper proposes a metaheuristic algorithm based on a granular tabu search for the solution of the problem. The algorithm allows infeasible solutions by penalizing them by a dynamic factor which is adjusted during the search. Computational experiments on real instances for a Colombian company show that the proposed algorithm is able to obtain, within short computing times, better solutions for those obtained by the current traditional method for planning the routes
Diana Paola Navia P, Alfredo Adolfo Ayala A, Héctor Samuel Villada
Foodstuffs quality and safety are important issues involving packaging behavior in food preparing and storing processes. In this context, food legislation compliance increasingly demanding, concerns the knowledge of several key aspects of food-packaging systems. This article presents a review about main packaging materials currently used in the food industry, their interactions with the packaged product, mainly migration of macro and microelements from packaging to food, analytical techniques and mathematical models used in elements migrants identification, the national and international regulations established
Innovative profile of colombian manufacturing industries. Case of metal mechanics sector in barranquilla
David Alfredo Ovallos Gazabón, Paola Andrea Amar Sepúlveda
This article shows the results of the study “Patterns of technological innovation in Colombian manufacturing. The case of Metal Mechanics Sector in Barranquilla.” The article begins with a detailed review of the international literature to define the variables or indicators of the study; then it shows the results of a factor and cluster analysis, which indicate the existence of three groups of enterprises with innovation patterns defined according to its degree or level of innovation commitment: high, medium or low. Additionally, it is developed a structural analysis to determine causal relationships between those factors. With the results the authors builds an analysis model and an innovative profile as a model for Colombian manufacturing companies. These results are accompanied by a set of proposed strategies and actions aimed at the enterprises capacities strengthening in terms of their innovative effort.
Implementation of pulse-density modulation PDM in an ozone generation system and its contribution to the characteristic efficiency curve
William Andrés Cifuentes Rojas, Diego Fernando Echeverry Ibarra, Hernando Vásquez Palacios
The ozone generation systems generally use the pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) to vary or control the ozone concentration. The results obtained after the implementation of pulse density modulation (PDM) in the power supply system of an ozone generation and the improvement achieved in the efficiency curve is presented in this paper. PAM and PDM techniques were applied in ozone generation system with push-pull inverter resonant self. The adjusted voltage amplitude of the PDM waveform power is determined from the condition of the PAM waveform where the maximum efficiency was obtained; Thus achieving increased efficiency in 60% of operating points ozone generation system.
Premium of the sum from two risks dependent PQD or NQD - archimedean copulas application
César E. Escalante Coterio, Carmen C. Sánchez Zuleta
The premium of the sum of two risks X and Y with positive dependence PQD and NQD negative dependence and its impact is studied in this paper using copulas as the general structure that governs such dependence. We propose a demonstration of Hoeffding’s lemma and is used to calculate the variance of . X Y+ Various premium principles (variance, standard deviation, variance as amended) and most commonly used measures of dependence ( of Kendall, dependence on the tail) are propoused and used. Several numerical examples risks of dependence with some Archimedean copulas are presented.
Cattle marks similarity measure by shape distributions
Germán Sánchez Torres, Manuel E. Rodríguez García
This paper reports the investigation results addressed to design of a digital image processing method for automate the registration and control process of livestock marks according to Colombian regulations livestock sector. It allows automate the process of search and comparison required for livestock mark uniqueness assurance on a computer assisted system. First, a histogram is generated based on statistical distribution of geometrical information, which permit to detect similarities between registered marks by means Minkowski-based metric. The results show that the method allows discriminating between images using a digital signature from a Shape Distribution the geometric structure reducing ambiguity and ensuring the uniqueness of registered marks. We show the results and make an analysis of system application
Academic programs management from the perspective of knowledge management supported with pre-conceptual schemas
Héctor Jairo Ortiz Pabón, Carlos Mario Zapata Jaramillo, Guillermo González Calderón
Unification of academic program processes and goals is still far from the state of the art. Such unification can be reached by using knowledge management processes. For this reason, in this paper we propose a revisited version of a previous pre-conceptual-schema-based representation of the academic programs. We design a survey directed to experts and we obtain several responses. The resulting pre-conceptual schema is exemplified by using the system engineering program belonging to the Universidad de Medellín
Towards a model of convergent service provisioning
Julián Andrés Caicedo, Juan Carlos Corrales
In the last thirty years telecom service provisioning has changed significantly. In the early years, there were static and rigid provisioning models and these were controlled by only one business actor. After that, a new flexible and dynamic provisioning models whit a lot stakeholder in the value chain appeared in the telecom market. Approaches have proposed service provisioning models for telecom operator; however, it’s not clear what process have to carry out in each services lifecycle phase in order to integrate different service provisioning models in an efficient way. In this paper, we present an approach to initial model of convergent services provisioning emphasizing in those generic processes inside of design, deployment and operation service. Moreover, we built an automatic mechanism for initial deployment in a convergent environment based on the process defined in that service phase. Finally, we validate that automatic mechanism whit a scalability test.