Dilemas e escolhas teórico-metodológicas para estudar sistemas de mídia. Uma proposta para situações de reforma político-econômica
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A análise do sistema de mídia exige o estabelecimento de simplificações analíticas que abordem a natureza única, diversa e contextualizada da mídia em todo o mundo, especialmente em contextos em que a mudança política é contestada e são observadas "discrepâncias" com os processos globais. Este artigo usa o contexto de Cuba durante a presidência de Raúl Castro (2006-2018) como referência, com o objetivo de identificar dilemas e opções teórico-metodológicas para o estudo de sistemas de mídia nacionais durante períodos de reformas político-econômicas semelhantes. Essa estrutura contextual orienta a estratégia de busca, seleção e recuperação de informações, empregando um método de revisão bibliográfica-documental. Primeiro, o artigo distingue e descreve dilemas relacionados aos limites e à centralidade da política, a relação entre o nacional e o transnacional, a relação entre estrutura e agência e a relevância da dimensão cultural. Em seguida, defende três estratégias metodológicas cuja integração abordaria os dilemas mencionados acima, a complexidade de estudar um sistema de mídia, a distinção de estruturas interpretativas emergentes e a socialização do conhecimento: a perspectiva históricoespacial-temporal, a regeneração analítica, a orientação para o discursivo e a representação do conhecimento. As conclusões destacam a relevância da aplicação de uma abordagem comparativa para integrar as diferentes estratégias, e o posicionamento em relação à s questões descritas é distinguido a partir de uma perspectiva contextual, relacional, mutável, diversa e interativa entre limites, atores e estruturas.
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