Efeitos das características físicas nos ingresos laborais no Equador, 2012
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Publicado: março 1, 2017
Resumo
O objetivo do estudo é analisar o efeito que tem as características físicas dos trabalhadores sobre os salários no mercado laboral equatoriano. Empregando informação dos micro-dados da Enquete Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição do Equador para 2012, se estimam equações de Mincerianas nas que se relaciona o ingresso salarial por hora com as características socioeconómicas do trabalhador. Como os dados provenientes de enquetes têm um problema implícito nomeado viés de seleção, que consiste na ausência de aleatoriedade na escolha dos indivíduos entrevistados, se utiliza a equação anti-viés de Heckman para corrigir este problema. Os resultados evidenciam que a maior estatura, peso ou índice de massa corporal se obtém maiores salários. Estes resultados são consistentes incluso quando se diferencia por gênero, área geográfica e nível educativo.
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Chen, A. (2012). Cover image When does weight matter most? En: Journal of Health Economics Vol. 31, No. 1, p. 285–295.
Dinda, S.; Gangopadhyay, P. K.; Chattopadhyay, B. P.; Saiyed, H. N.; Pal, M. y Bharati, P. (2006). Height, weight and earnings among coalminers in India. En: Economics y Human Biology, Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 342-350.
Espinoza, N., y Sánchez, L. (2009). Estimación de la brecha salarial entre hombres y mujeres: un análisis por cuantiles para el Ecuador. En Económicas Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL). Vol. 4. p. 2-20.
Esquivel, V. (2007). Género y Diferenciales de Salarios en la Argentina, p. 363-392. En: M. Novick y H. Palomino (edits.) Estructura productiva y empleo: un enfoque transversal. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social. ISBN 978-84-96571-68-6, 397p.
Gao W., Smyth R. (2010). Health human capital, height and wages in China. En: The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 46, No. 3, p. 466–484.
Hamermesh, D.S. y Biddle, J., (1994). Beauty and the labor market. En: The American Economic Review, Vol. 84, No. 5, p. 1174–1194.
Hamermesh, D.S. y Parker, A. (2003). Beauty in the classroom: professors’ pulchritude and putative pedagogical productivity. En: NBER Working Paper, No. 9853, 21p.
Heckman, J. (1979). Sample selection bias as a specification error. En: Econometrica, Vol. 47 No 1, p.153–161.
Heineck, G. (2005). Up in the skies? The relationship between body height and earnings in Germany. En: Labour, Vol. 19, No. 3, p. 469-489.
Komlos, J., (1998). Shrinking in a growing economy? The mystery of physical height during the industrial revolution. En: The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 58, No. 3, p. 779–803.
Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, Experience and Earnings. En National Bureau of Economic Research, ISBN: 0-870-14265-8. 187p.
Mitra, A. (2001). Effects of physical attributes on the wages of males and females. En: Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 8, No. 11, p. 731-735.
Persico, N.G.; Postlewaite, A. y Silveman, D. (2004). The effect of adolescent experience on labour market outcomes: the case of height. En: Journal Political Economy, Vol. 112, No. 5, p. 1019–1053.
Psacharopoulos, G. y Patrinos H. (2004). Returns to investment in education: a further update. En: Education economics, Vol 12, No 2, p. 111-134.
Rivera, J. (2013). Teoría y práctica de la discriminación en el mercado laboral ecuatoriano (2007-2012). En: Analítika. Vol. 5, No 1, p. 3-18.
Schultz, P.T. (2002). Wage gains associated with height as a form of health human capital, En: Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper. No. 841, 26p.
Sohn K. (2015). The height premium in Indonesia. En: Economics & Human Biology, Vol. 16, enero, p. 1–15.
Tao H.L. (2014). Height, weight, and entry earnings of female graduates in Taiwan. En: Economics in Human Biology, Vol. 13, marzo, p. 85–98.
Thomas, D. y Strauss, J. (1997). Health and wages: Evidence on men and women in urban Brazil. En: Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 77, No. 1, p. 159-185.
Yamamura, E.; Smyth, R. y Zhang, Y. (2015). Decomposing the effect of height on income in China: The role of market and political channels. En: Economics in Human Biology, Vol.19, diciembre, p. 62-74.
