Biocarbón Magnetizado de Origen Animal y Vegetal en la Remediación de Suelos Contaminados con Plomo: Una revisión de Literatura
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Esta investigación se llevó a cabo para evaluar la eficiencia del biocarbón magnetizado de origen animal y vegetal en la remediación de suelos contaminados con Pb. Se desarrolló el método PRISMA 2020 para la revisión de la literatura, utilizando metabuscadores científicos como Web of Science, Scopus y ScienceDirect; luego, se determinó la fórmula booleana para el análisis; finalmente, se sintetizaron los artículos relevantes. Los resultados arrojaron 35 artículos sobre el origen de la biomasa, la preparación del biocarbón y la eficiencia de remediación obtenida. El resultado es el siguiente: el tipo de material precursor más utilizado ha sido vegetal (90 %); el método de producción de biocarbón más utilizado fue la pirólisis a 500 °C (35 %) y el FeCl3 (18 %) fue el agente magnetizante; La máxima eficiencia de remoción de plomo fue del 99,50 % utilizando un banano oriental como material precursor en 120 días, además de un agente magnetizante FeCl3 con un porcentaje de remoción del 99,50 %. Finalmente, un resultado general obtenido fue que la eficiencia de la remediación dependerá de dos factores importantes: el agente magnetizante y la porosidad del material precursor.
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