Properties of Composite Materials Reinforced with Guadua Fibers: a Comparative Study
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
- Articles
- Submitted: November 28, 2021
-
Published: September 9, 2022
Abstract
A numerical model for predicting the effect of the modification of a fiber´s surface on the mechanical properties of biocomposite panels made with bamboo fibers and vegetable resin was elaborated. For the study, the three surface treatments methods were mercerization, plasma, and ozone treatment. To analyze the influence of each treatment on the surface of the fibers, a study of their morphology, chemical composition, and crystallinity was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. A characterization of the physical properties of the fibers was carried out by determining the density and the absorption capacity. The influence of the treatment on the mechanical properties of the fibers was analyzed by determining their tensile strength. These results were used to determine the elastic properties of the plies that make up the biocomposite, applying the modified mixing rule for anisotropic materials. The numerical models were elaborated using a commercial finite element program, considering a linear analysis. The composite was conceived as a laminate made up of layers of fibers oriented in different directions. To validate the numerical results, panels were made using fibers treated according to established treatment methods and a vegetable resin. For the construction of the panels, a compression system at standard room temperature was used. The fibers were placed in six 1.13 mm-thick layers, reproducing the conditions established in the numerical model. The determination of the physical properties of the composite was based on the determination of the density, the absorption capacity, and the percentage of swelling.
The determination of the mechanical properties focused on obtaining the maximum strength for tensile, compression, and static bending. The results show that it is possible to improve the mechanical performance of the composite when the surface of the fibers that act as reinforcement is modified. According to the results, panels made with fibers treated with plasma and with ozone exhibited better mechanical performance, showing a good correlation between the results of the numerical models and the values obtained experimentally.
References
- M. Ramesh, K. Palanikumar, and K. Reddy, “Mechanical property evaluation of sisal– jute glass fibre reinforced polyester composites”, Compos. B. Eng. (vol 48), (pp. 1–9), May 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.12.004.
- D. Ray, S. Sengupta, A.K. Mohanty, and M. Misra, “A study of the mechanical and fracture behaviour of jute–fabric–reinforced clay-modified thermoplastic starch-matrix composites”, Macromol. Mater Eng., (vol. 292), (pp. 1075–1084), October 2007, https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.200700111.
- K.G. Satyanarayana, J.l. Guimaraes, and F. Wypych, “Studies on lignocellulosic fibers of Brazil. Part I: Source, production, morphology, properties and applications”,Compos. Part A Appl. Sci, (vol. 38), (no. 7), (pp. 1694–1709), July 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.02.006.
- M.R. Sanyay, S. Siengchin, J. Parameswarampillai, M. Jawaid, C.I. Prumcu, and A. Khan, “A comprehensive review of techniques for natural fibers as reinforcement in composites: Preparation, processing and characterization”, Carbohydr. Polym. (vol. 207), (pp. 108-121), November 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.083.
- S. Leduc, J.R.G. Urena, R. Gonzalez-Nunez, J.R. Quirarte, B. Riedl, and D. Rodriguez, “LDPE/ Agave fibre composites: effect of coupling agent and weld line on mechanical and morphological properties”, Polym. Polym. Compos., (vol. 16), (pp. 115–24), October 2007, https://doi.org/10.1177/096739110801600204.
- J. Moran, A. Vera, V. Alvaraz, P. Cyras, and A. Vasquez, “Extraction of cellulose and preparation of nanocellulose from sisal fibers”, Cellulose, (vol. 15), (pp. 149–159), August 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-007-9145-9.
- P. Bhijit, M. Deshpande, R. Bhaskar, and R. Lakshmana, “Extraction of bamboofibers and their use as reinforcement in polymeric composites”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. (vol. 76), (pp. 83–92), February 2000. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000404)76:1<83::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-L
- Ferreira L., Evangelista, M.B., Martins, M.C.L., Granja, P.L., Esteves, J.L., and Barbosa, M.A., “Improving the adhesion of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers to poly(hydroxyethyl metha-crylate) hydrogels by ozone treatment: Surface characterization and pull-out tests”, Polym. J. (vol. 46), (pp. 9840–9850), November 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.033.
- N. Prem. Kumar, M. Chellapandian, N. Arunachelam, and P. Vincent, “Effect of mercerization on the chemical characteristics of plant-based natural fibers”, Mater. Today: Proc., (pp. 1-7), May 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.05.319.
- X. Du, S. Wu, T. Li, Y. Yin, and J. Zhou, “Ozone oxidation pretreatment of softwood kraft lignin: An effective and environmentally friendly approach to enhance fast pyrolysis product selectivity”, Fuel Process. Technol. (vol. 231), (no. 15), (pp. 107232-1-107232-9) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107232.
- P.S. Sari, S. Thomas, P. Spatenka, and Z. Ghanam, “Effect of plasma modification of polyethylene on natural fibre composites prepared via rotational moulding”, Compos. B. eng, (vol. 177), (pp. 107344), July 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107344.
- M. L. Sánchez, G. Capote, and J. P. Patiño, “Effect of surface treatment of fibers on the accelerated aging of biocomposites”, Constr. Build. Mater. (vol. 271), (pp. 121875-1-121875- 14), February 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121875
- Martha L. Sánchez, W. Patino, and J. Cardenas, “Physical-mechanical properties of bamboo fibers-reinforced biocomposites: Influence of surface treatment of fibers”, J. Build. Eng., (vol. 28), (pp. 101058-1-101058-9), March 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101058.
- ASTM Standard D8171, 2018, “Standard Test Methods for Density Determination of Flax Fiber”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, DOI:10.1520/D8171-18, www.astm.org
- ASTM Standard D1554, 2016. “Standard Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, Doi: 10.1520/D1554-10R16, www.astm.org
- P. Hine, B. Parveen, D. Brands, and F. Caton-Rose, “Validation of the modified rule of mixtures using a combination of fibre orientation and fibre length measurements”, Com- pos. - A: Appl. Sci. Manuf., (vol. 64), (pp. 70-78), September 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.04.017
- ASTM Standard D4442, 2014, “Standard Test Method for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, Doi: 10.1520/D4442-14, www.astm.org.
- ASTM Standard D1037, 2012, “Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, Doi: 10.1520/D1037-12, www.astm.org
- M. Cai, H Takagi, A.N. Nakagaito, T. Katoh, G. Ueki, Y. Waterhouse, and Y. Li, “Influence of alkali treatment on internal microstructure and tensile properties of abaca fibers”, Ind Crops Prod., (vol. 65), (pp. 27–35), March 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.11.048.
- L. Minatia, C. Migliaresi, L. Lunelli, G. Viero, D.S. Serra, and G. Speranza, “Plasma assisted surface treatments of biomaterials”, Biophys. Chem. , (vol. 229), (pp. 151–164), October 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2017.07.003
- K.M. Praveen, S. Thomas, Y. Grohens, M. Mozetic, I. Junkar, G. Primc, and M. Gorjanc, “Investigations of plasma induced effects on the surface properties of lignocellulosic natural coir fibres”, Appl. Surf. Sci., (vol. 368), (pp. 146–15), April 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.159.
- P. Ahvenainen, I. Kontro, and K. Svedstrom, “Comparison of sample crystallinity determi- nation methods by X-ray diffraction for challenging cellulose I”, Cellullose, (vol. 23), (pp. 1073–1086), April 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0881-6.
- A.I.S. Brigida, V.M.A. Calado, L.R.B. Gonçalvezs, and M.A.Z. Coelho, “Effect of chemical treatments on properties of green coconut fiber”, Carbohydr. Polym., (vol. 79), (pp. 832–838), March 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.10.005.
