Ligações entre a desigualdade e crescimento nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento: o papel da corrupção
Palavras-chave:
Copyright and Licensing:
Copyright (c) 2021 Semestre Económico
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- Articles
- Enviado: dezembro 5, 2020
-
Publicado: julho 30, 2021
Resumo
Neste artigo investiga-se o efeito global da desigualdade sobre o crescimento, ou seja, tanto a sua influência direta como a dos meios que conectam ambas variáveis. O estudo realiza-se para uma ampla amostra de países durante o período 1985-2018. Com o fim de captar os canais entre desigualdade e crescimento, as apreciações foram realizadas usando o método SURE (Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations). Os resultados obtidos indicam que, em geral a desigualdade é prejudicial para o crescimento, já seja em forma direta como a partir da corrupção, a que se encontra como a principal causa que prejudica a economia. Portanto, as recomendações de políticas como resultado deste estudo sugerem a aplicação de um sistema fiscal e uma política tributária progressivos e com controles reforçados do Estado, que reduza a desigualdade global, de mãos dadas com o desenvolvimento de mecanismos de controle que limitem a influência na atribuição dos recursos.
Referências
- Aghion, P., Akcigit, U., Cagé, J. y Kerr, W. (2016). Taxation, Corruption, and Growth. European Economic Review, 86, 24-51. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014292116300617?via%3Dihub
- Aidt, T., Dutta, J. y Sena, V. (2008). Governance Regimes, Corruption and Growth: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(2), 195-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2007.11.004
- Alesina, A., Özler, S., Roubini, N. y Swagel, P. (1996). Political Instability and Economic Growth. Journal of Economic growth, 1(2), 189-211. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00138862
- Barro, R. J. y Lee, J. W. (2015). Education matters. Global schooling gains from the 19th to the 21st century. Oxford University Press.
- Chambers, D. y Krause, A. (2010). Is the Relationship Between Inequality and Growth Affected by Physical and Human Capital Accumulation? The Journal of Economic Inequality, 8(2), 153-172.
- Chang, C .y Hao, Y. (2017). Environmental Performance, Corruption and Economic Growth: Global Evidence Using a New Data Set. Applied Economics, 49(5), 498-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1200186
- Cieslik, A. y Goczek, Ł. (2018). Corruption, Privatisation and Economic Growth in Post-communist Countries. Europe-Asia Studies, 70(8), 1303-1325. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2018.1511771
- D’Agostino, G., Dunne, J.P. y Pieroni, L. (2016). Government Spending, Corruption and Economic MGrowth. World Development, 84, 190-205. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X15301078?via%3Dihub
- Deininger, K. y Squire, L. (1998). New Ways of Looking at Old Issues: Inequality and Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 57(2), 259-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00099-6
- Delbianco, F., Dabús, C. y Caraballo, M. Á. (2014). Income Inequality and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Latin America. Cuadernos de Economía, 33(63), 381-397.
- Delbianco, F., Dabús, C. y Caraballo, M. Á. (2016). Growth, Inequality and Corruption: Evidence from Developing Countries. Economics Bulletin, 36(3), 1811-1820.
- Forbes, K. (2000). A Reassessment of the Relationship Between Inequality and Growth. American Economic Review, 90(4), 869-887. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.90.4.869
- Galor, O. y Zeira, J. (1993). Income Distribution and Macroeconomics. Review of Economic Studies, 0(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297811
- Galor, O. y Moav, O. (2004). From Physical to Human Capital Accumulation: Inequality and the Process of Development. The Review of Economic Studies, 71(4), 1001-1026. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00312
- Gonzalez, G. H. y Delbianco, F. A. (2020). Juntos o amontonados. Una nueva aproximación a la trayectoria del Mercosur. Revista de Economía Mundial, (57). http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i57.4646
- Gründler, K. y Potrafke, N. (2019). Corruption and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.08.001
- Haque, E. y Kneller, R. (2015): Why Does Public Investment Fail to Raise Economic Growth? The role of corruption. The Manchester School 83(6), 623-651. https://doi.org/10.1111/manc.12068
- Huang, C. (2016). Is Corruption Bad for Economic Growth? Evidence from Asia-Pacific Countries. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance 35, 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2015.10.013
- Kefi, M. y Zouhaier, H. (2012). Inequality and Economic Growth. Asian Economic and Financial. Review, 2(8), 1013-1025.
- Levine, R. y Renelt, D. (1992). A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions. The American Economic Review, 82(4), 942-963. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117352
- Li, H., Xu, L. y Zou, H. (2000). Corruption, Income Distribution, and Growth. Economics and Politics, 12(2), 155-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0343.00073
- Martínez, C. (2013). El efecto de la desigualdad y el acceso al crédito sobre la acumulación de capital humano. Ensayos sobre Política Económica, 31(72), 18-34. https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-ensayos-sobre-politica-economica-387-articulo-el-efecto-desigualdad-el-acceso-X0120448313690073
- Méon, P. y Weill, L. (2010). Is Corruption an Efficient Grease?, World Development, 38(3), 244-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.004
- Murphy, K., Shleifer, A. y Vishny, R. (1991). The Allocation of Talent: Implications for Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 503-530. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937945
- Stiglitz, J. (1969). Distribution of Income and Wealth Among Individuals. Econometrica, 37(3), 382- 397. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912788
- The World Bank. (2020, 28 de septiembre). https://databank.worldbank.org/databases/control-of-corruption
- Transparency International. (2012). Corruption Perceptions Index 2012. http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/pub/corruption_perceptions_index_2012
- Zellner, A. (1962). An Efficient Method of Estimating Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Tests for Aggregation Bias. Journal of the American statistical Association, 57(298), 348-368.
