Determinantes da eficiência energética: provas do grupo Brics (1990-2018)
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Resumo
Este artigo visa apresentar provas sobre as estimativas do nível de eficiência energética e os seus determinantes socioeconómicos para os países Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul durante o período 1990-2018. A função de distância de entrada para obter níveis de eficiência energética foi estimada sob a abordagem de análise de fronteira estocástica com dados de painel, utilizando especificações econométricas diferentes. Os resultados sugerem que o modelo proposto por Kumbhakar et al. (2012) é o mais apropriado porque permite a estimativa de eficiência transitória e persistente, bem como a heterogeneidade não observada e o termo de erro idiossincrático. Verificou-se que um aumento do preço agregado da energia e do valor acrescentado industrial afecta negativamente a variabilidade da ineficiência transitória. Além disso, a China e a Índia apresentaram o maior potencial de poupança no consumo de energia e as emissões associadas CO2 a longo prazo, enquanto a curto prazo a China e a Rússia apresentam o maior potencial de poupança; com a China a apresentar uma das mais baixas médias de eficiência persistente e transitória entre a amostra de países.
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