Determinantes de la eficiencia energética: evidencia del grupo Brics (1990-2018)
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Resumen
Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar evidencias de las estimaciones del nivel de eficiencia energética y sus determinantes socioeconómicos de los países Brasil, Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica en el periodo 1990-2018. Se estimó la función de distancia insumo para obtener los niveles de eficiencia energética bajo el enfoque del análisis de frontera estocástica con panel de datos, a través de diferentes especificaciones econométricas. Los resultados sugieren que el modelo propuesto por Kumbhakar et al. (2012) es el más adecuado debido a que permite la estimación de la eficiencia transitoria y persistente, así como también, la heterogeneidad no observada y del término de error idiosincrático. Se encontró que un incremento del precio agregado de la energía y valor agregado industrial afectan negativamente a la variabilidad de la ineficiencia transitoria. Además, China e India presentaron los mayores ahorros potenciales en el consumo de energía y en las emisiones de CO2 asociadas en el largo plazo, mientras que en el corto plazo China y Rusia tienen el mayor ahorro potencial; siendo China el país que presenta uno de los menores promedios de eficiencia persistente y transitoria entre la muestra de países.
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