SECTORAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATIONS IN SELECTED SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES (2013–2022)
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Abstract
This study analyzes the structural transformations and specialization patterns of the productive sectors in selected South American countries between 2013 and 2022, highlighting the rise of the quaternary sector, characterized by knowledge-intensive activities. Based on the Sectoral Specialization Index (SSI) and the Modified Lilien Index (MLI), changes in the composition of employment and spatial configurations of sectoral specialization are examined. The results reveal transition trends toward higher value-added sectors in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, while Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru remain more concentrated in primary and secondary sectors. In the case of Argentina, there is a relative increase in the secondary sector and stability in the tertiary sector, accompanied by a slight decline in the quaternary sector. It is concluded that productive restructuring is underway, but unevenly among the countries analyzed, suggesting the need for public policies aimed at strengthening knowledge-intensive sectors and diversifying productive structures.
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