Vol 26, No 61 (2023): Julio- Diciembre

The article describes the socioeconomic and organizational characteristics of the associations of small agricultural producers of Támesis and Caramanta, municipalities in the southwest of Antioquia , in the logic of the solidarity economy, with the proposal to build trust, agreements on the difference and heterogeneity of the participants, unity of criteria in management and self-management, collective actions and knowledge dialogue in the management of organizations to procure the satisfaction of needs, aspirations and desires, from community practices. The methodological strategy, followed from an ethnographic approach, allowed to describe, analyze and interpret the reality of the associations’ solidarity practices in the mentioned aspects. The findings suggest that the associations recognize the union of wills in the management of organizations to achieve common objectives, which means that the fruits of work and shared management recognized by the participants should be distributed equitably within them, within a process in which solidarity and community are constantly constructed; however, it is required, among other things, the strengthening of the associative capacity, of economic resources, of the relationship and of the to make agreements with the State and of autonomy vis-à-vis the public and private sectors

The objective of this research is to identify the relationship between strategic leadership styles as a determinant for endurance in the market based on the appreciation of the employees of a service  sector organisation in Colombia. A correlational scope was developed with a quantitative approach  to a population of 137 employees, using the Chi-square statistic, simple correspondences and symmetrical normalisation through the SPSS® software version 26.0. Among the most important  results, it is highlighted that, with the academic training and the management areas to which  the collaborators belong, there are important relationships with the level of decision making of the leaders, their commitment in decision-making, and the confidence in the subordinates. It is concluded that the characterisation of the different leadership styles will help business sustainability based on the  managerial processes within the organisations.

The purpose of this project is to quantify the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Colombian stock market, through a comparative analysis of two periods of 483 trading days each: one before the pandemic and the other one in the middle of the pandemic, and it was determined the risk, profitability, Sharpe and Beta index of the shares that make up the Colcap index, as well as the risk, return, beta and Sharpe index of the portfolios of minimum variance, maximum profitability and the portfolio that maximizes the index of Sharpe, for the two periods under analysis. This analysis was developed using the general portfolio theory of Harry Markowitz and William Sharpe, for which an algorithm in Python language was designed. The analysis showed as a result that 64 % of the shares presented positive returns in the period before the pandemic, compared to the full pandemic period where only 20 % of the analyzed shares presented positive returns. In addition, Sharpe's optimal portfolio was made up of 10 actions in the period before the pandemic and only 2 actions in the full pandemic period. 

The objective of the study was to establish whether poverty has increased or decreased in Mexico in recent years, as well as to indicate in which states it is most prevalent. The essay followed the deductive method, hermeneutic paradigm, analytical approach and explanatory design. Multidimensional poverty is the lack of any of these six indicators (education, health, social security, housing, access to nutritious and quality food), while extreme poverty identifies the population that, even if all their income is used to buy food, cannot afford the food basket, and moderate poverty is the population that can afford it. In 2022, 46.8 million Mexicans suffer from multidimensional poverty (36.3% of the population), comprising 37.7 million with moderate poverty (29.2%) and 9.1 million with extreme poverty (7.1%); and 56.1 million with income poverty (43.2%). The entities with the highest multidimensional poverty are: Chiapas 67.4%; Guerrero 60.4%; Oaxaca 58.4%; Puebla 54%; Veracruz 51.7% and State of Mexico 42.9%; these six entities concentrate 24 million people (55.6% of the total), same entities with the highest extreme poverty (6.1 million people: 67.5% of the total). Internationally, Mexico ranks 70th out of 111 nations in which the Multidimensional Poverty Index is measured. 

The objective of this research was to identify conceptions regarding the offering of cannabis-based products in individuals aged 40 to 60 in the metropolitan area of Medellín, Colombia. The goal was to connect potential purchasing intentions to an ‘extrospective’ understanding of the challenge of responsible consumption applied to this type of offering, taking into account its social connotations. To achieve this, a literature review, in-depth interviews, and a focus group were conducted. Findings revealed that opinions about marijuana are strongly influenced by drug trafficking. However, this negative perception is questioned when emphasizing its status as a plant and its healing properties. Thus, individuals strongly marked by drug trafficking demonstrate claims of well-being, highlighting factors such as nature, ancestral connections, and craftsmanship. This suggests a potential intention to purchase cannabis-based products among individuals aged 40 to 60, presenting opportunities for the legal consolidation of this industry in regions like Colombia, which have long suffered the effects of drug trafficking due to prohibitive policies.

This research analyzes the impact of the removal of trade barriers, such as antidumping measures, in the relationship between Peru and Mexico, with a focus on the reduction of antidumping measures for Mexican construction products, especially in the Peruvian cement sector. The study employs a quantitative approach, statistical analysis, and the VAR (Vector Autoregressive) econometric model to assess the impact of Peru’s deregulation on cement imports from Mexico between 2000 and 2022. It examines the effects on construction GDP, bilateral exchange rates, and the Peruvian cement industry. It was found that antidumping measures had a negative effect on cement imports from Mexico. Furthermore, the behavior of cement imports had a significant impact on model variables. Import volume significantly affected construction GDP, manufacturing production, and the import of construction materials, highlighting the importance of liberalization in these economic sectors. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and academics interested in understanding how liberalization and the removal of regulations influence the competitiveness of specific economic sectors.