Vol 22, No 52 (2019): July-September

The productive activities carried out at the basin of the Riogrande II press (Antioquia, Colombia)
generate negative environmental affections upon the soil and water. The integration of hydrological
and economical models provides a scientific foundation for planned use of the territory that is ratio-
nal and adequate for the actual agricultural vocation. Starting from the data generated by the SWAT
model, the Ecossaut model is reformulated for determining the optimal use of the soil according
to the social and environmental restrictions, finding out that in order to reassure the reliability of
the basin is necessary an implementation of rotation system composed of grass and potato crops
along with a reduction of around 42 % of the soil currently used for agricultural activities.

This work pursuit a characterization of the innovative processes generated by the manufacturing companies of the city of Montería in the department of Córdoba, Colombia, taking as theoretical reference the neo-evolutionary theory, which understands the motivation for innovation as a Schumpeterian process of creative destruction. For reaching this goal, a poll-type tool is used following the guidelines established by the Oslo and Bogotá manuals, as well as the innovation polls (EDIT) implemented by the Dane in Colombia. We found that manufacturing companies in this city are innovative in a wide way, they wield defensive strategies and undergo technological activities that result in innovation to the company as to the local market.

This article considers that the cycles of neoliberalization must be framed in the study of the dynamic and multifaceted articulation between economic agents and estate dispositifs. The goal is to analyze the characteristics of the third cycle of neoliberalization (2015-2019) in the Argentinian agrarian policies concerning its exclusive de-structuring and restructuring. Parting from a methodological triangulation approach the dynamics of the agrarian policy is presented from two governing entities: the Ministry of Agroindustry (degraded to Secretariat in 2018) and the National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA in Spanish). Specifically, the processes of capture and colonizing in the directing of both entities by interested organizations that respond to economic elites from the agricultural sector.

Analyzing the opinion at homes on the management of solid residues in your city allows the na-
rrowing of the intervention strategies for the achieving of political goals. This document presents
the findings on the opinion about the management of solid home residues of homes located in the
areas in which the company Aguas de Bogotá S. A. ESP operated until the beginnings of 2018. This
article concludes that in the city there is a tendency inclined towards the lack of environmental
governance and that a massification of the sensitization about the importance of separating in the
source is necessary, as well as adequate use of bags and containers.

This study examines the effect of sovereign risk on the Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) flows in Colombia during the 2003-2018 period. For this purpose, quarterly data about the Emerging Market Bond Index Global (Embig) is used as a proxy for sovereign risk, FDI inward flows and a set of control variables. Through a regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) it is found that sovereign risk has a strong impact on the FDI inward flows, explaining the 22 % of the total FDI variation. It is also ratified the substantial effect of sovereign risk on the FDI inward flows with an impulse-response function. By controlling for a trade openness and a business confidence index, it is concluded that the private agents confidence matter and the trade openness is determining in the attraction of foreign capital inward flows.

The goal of this research is to forecast the sales of the following companies: Industrias Bachoco, Grupo Bafar, Grupo Bimbo, Gruma, Grupo Herdez, Grupo Lala y Grupo Industrial Maseca in the period 2006-2015 through a linear model (linear regression) and a non-linear model (artificial neural networks, decision tables, decision tress and gaussian process) for measuring the performance of each of these models and selecting for each company the model which adjusts more precisely to the historical data. As a result, in the 2006-2015 period the multiple linear regression models show a better performance in determining the sales of Bachoco, Bafar, Herdez, Lala and Maseca with more than 90% of the data recovered within this period.

This article tackles the foundations for the carbon tax and its advancements in the Colombian legal ordinance, as one of the new taxes in matters of tax collection and protection of the environment. Although the taxation mechanisms have a collectional purpose, this one in particular would be set up for redirecting the taxation passive subjects conduct towards rational and sustainable consumption patterns. This tributary mechanism enables the cooperation between companies, society and State for materializing the goals and the national environmental policies as well as those established within the scope of international agreements, and making itself evident in the exemptions included in the said tax, the improving in the image and an increase in the country’s business competitiveness.