RUTTING IN ASPHALT MIXTURES – A REVIEW
Article Sidebar
The total or partial reproduction of the contents of the journal for educational, research, or academic purposes is authorized as long as the source is cited. For reproduction for other purposes, express authorization from the Sello Editorial Universidad de Medellín is required.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Vehicles that pass over a pavement structure induce load and unload cycles that generate recoverable (resilient) and permanent (plastic) deformations within layers. Pavement has been developing studies since the decade of the 60´s with the purpose of attempting to understand the visco-elasto-plastic behavior of asphalt mixtures. This has the purpose of evaluating and understanding how the main damage mechanisms that are sought to be controlled in flexible pavement design methods are generated. One of the main damage mechanisms for these types of pavements is rutting. Based on the reviewed literature in relation to the phenomenon of rutting in asphalt mixtures, this article depicts and describes in summary, the main variables that influence the generation of said phenomenon in pavement. The end of the article presents the evolution of equations developed through theoretical and experimental studies in order to attempt to predict the phenomenon of rutting.
Article Details
References
S.A. Khedr, 'Deformation mechanism in asphaltic concrete', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 29-45, 1986. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1986)112:1(29)
A.C. Collop, D. Cebon and M.S.A. Hardy, 'Viscoelastic approach to rutting in flexible pavements', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 82-93, 1995. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1995)121:1(82).
J.S. Chen, C.H. Lin, E. Stein and J. Hothan, 'Development of a mechanistic-empirical model to characterize rutting in flexible pavements', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 130, no. 4, pp. 519-525, 2004. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2004)130:4(519).
T.F. Fwa, S.A. Tan and L.Y. Zhu, 'Rutting prediction of asphalt pavement layer using C-ø Model', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 130, no. 5, pp. 675-683, 2004. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2004)130:5(675).
A. Saleeb, R.Y. Liang, H. Al Qablan and D. Powers, 'Numerical simulation techniques for HMA rutting under Loaded Wheel Tester', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 57-66, 2005. 10.1080/10298430500068704.
A.R. Archilla, 'Use of Superpave Gyratory Compaction data for rutting prediction', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 132, no. 9, pp. 734-741, 2006. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)132:9(734).
H.K. Salama, K. Chatti and R.W. Lyles, 'Effect of heavy multiple axle trucks on flexible pavement damage using in-service pavement performance data', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 132, no. 10, pp. 763-770, 2006. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)132:10(763).
B. Saurabh, P.P. Vassilis and D.P. Katerina, 'Identification and modeling of permanent deformations of asphalt concrete', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 132, no. 3, pp. 231-239, 2006. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:3(231).
B. Huang, X. Chen, X. Shu, E. Masad and E. Mahmoud, 'Effects of coarse aggregate angularity and asphalt binder on laboratory-measured permanent deformation properties of HMA', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 19-28, 2009. 10.1080/10298430802068915.
H. Wang, Q. Zhang and J. Tan, 'Investigation of layer contributions to asphalt pavement rutting', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 181-185, 2009. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:4(181).
D. Yinfei, C. Jiaqi, H. Zheng and L. Weizheng, 'A review on solutions for improving rutting resistance of asphalt pavement and test methods', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 168, pp. 893-905, 2018. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.151.
R. Guo, T. Nian and F. Zhou, 'Analysis of factors that influence anti-rutting performance of asphalt pavement', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 254, 119237, 2020. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119237.
Z. Zhao, J. Jiang, F. Ni, Q. Dong, J. Ding and X. Ma, 'Factors affecting the rutting resistance of asphalt pavement based on the field cores using multi-sequenced repeated loading test', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 253, 118902, 2020. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118902.
H.A. Rondón y F.A. Reyes, 'Pavimentos: materiales, construcción y diseño', Ed. ECOE, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, 2015, 614 p.
H.A. Rondón, 'Comportamiento de un material granular no tratado en ensayos triaxiales cíclicos con presión de confinamiento constante (PCC) y variable (PCV)', Ph. D. thesis, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, 2008.
J.B. Sousa, J.A. Deacon, S. Weissman, J.T. Harvey and C.L. Monismith, 'Permanent deformation response of asphalt aggregate mixes', Report SHRP-A-415. Washington, DC: Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, 437, 1994.
D. Chen, J. Bilyeu, T. Scullion, D.F. Lin and F. Zhou, 'Forensic evaluation of the premature failures of Texas specific pavement study 1 sections', Journal of Performance of Constructed Facility, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 67-74, 2003. 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2003)17:2(67).
Y. Ali, M. Irfan, S. Ahmed and S. Ahmed, 'Empirical correlation of permanent deformation tests for evaluating the rutting response of conventional asphaltic concrete mixtures', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 29, no. 8, 2017. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001888.
J.B. Sousa, J. Craus and C.L. Monismith, 'Summary report on permanent deformation in asphalt concrete', SHRP-A/IR-91-104, Washington DC: Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, 1991.
T.D. White, J.E. Haddock, A.J.T. Hand and H. Fang, 'Contributions of pavement structural layers to rutting of hot mix asphalt pavements', NCHRP Rep. 468, Washington DC: National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 2002.
E. Coleri, J.T. Harvey, K. Yang and J.M. Boone, 'A micromechanical approach to investigate asphalt concrete rutting mechanisms', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 36-49, 2012. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.041.
E. Coleri, J.T. Harvey, K. Yang an J.M. Boone, 'Investigation of asphalt concrete rutting mechanisms by X-Ray computed; tomography imaging and micromechanical finite element modeling', Materials and Structures, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1027-1043, 2013. 10.1617/s11527-012-9951-x.
A. Hofstra and A.J.G. Klomp, 'Permanent deformation of flexible pavements under simulated road traffic conditions', in: Proceedings, Third International Conference on tire Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, vol. I, London, U.K., pp. 613-621, 1972.
S.F. Brown, 'The characterization of cohesive soils for flexible pavement design', in: Proc. Design Parameters in Geotechnical Engineering, London, British Geotechnical Society, vol. 2, pp. 15-22, 1979.
J. Eisenmann and A. Hilmer, 'Influence of wheel load and inflation pressure on the rutting effect at asphalt-pavements - experiments and theoretical investigations', in: Proceedings, Sixth International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, vol. I, Ann Arbor, pp. 392-403, 1987.
L.A. Myers, C. Drakos and R. Roque, 'The combined effects of tire contact stresses and environment on surface rutting and cracking performance', in: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Asphalt Pavements, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002.
I.L. Al-Qadi, P.J. Yoo, M.A. Elseifi and S. Nelson, 'Creep behavior of hot-mix asphalt due to heavy vehicular tire loading', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 135, no. 11, pp. 1265-1273, 2009. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:11(1265).
F. Zhou and T. Scullion, 'Discussion: three stages of permanent deformation curve and rutting model', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 251-260, 2002. 10.1080/1029843021000083676.
P. Chaturabong and H.U. Bahia, 'Mechanisms of asphalt mixture rutting in the dry Hamburg Wheel Tracking test and the potential to be alternative test in measuring rutting resistance', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 146, pp. 175-182, 2017. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.080.
S. Price, Y. Mehta, L.M. McCarthy, 'Evaluation and modeling of repeated load test data of asphalt concrete for mechanistic-empirical pavement design', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 993-999, 2007. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:11(993).
C.L. Monismith and A.A. Tayebali, 'Permanent deformation (rutting) considerations in asphalt concrete pavement sections', In: Proceedings, The Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Williamsburg, Virginia, vol. 57, pp. 414-463, 1988.
R. Simms, D. Hernando and R. Roque, 'A new paradigm to explain the development of instability rutting in asphalt pavements', Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2019. doi:10.1080/14680629.2019.1568286.
C. Villiers, R. Roque and B. Dietrich, 'Interpretation of transverse profiles to determine the source of rutting within an asphalt pavement system', Transportation Research Record, no. 1905, pp. 73-81, 2005. 10.3141/1905-09.
R.A. Tarefder, M. Zaman and K. Hobson, 'A laboratory and statistical evaluation of factors affecting rutting', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 59-68, 2003. 10.1080/10298430310001593263.
S.F. Brown and C.A. Bell, 'The prediction of permanent deformation in asphalt pavements', Proceeding Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, vol. 48, pp. 438-476, 1979.
D.R. Middleton, F.L. Roberts and T. Chira-Chavala, 'Measurements and analysis of truck tire pressures on Texas highways', Transportation Research Record, no. 1070, pp. 1-8, 1986.
S.W. Hudson and S.B. Seeds, 'Evaluation of increased pavement loading and tire pressures', Transportation Research Record, no. 1207, pp. 197-206, 1988.
O.K. Kim and C.A. Bell, 'Measurement and analysis of truck tire pressures in Oregon', Transportation Research Record, no. 1207, pp. 100-110, 1988.
K. Mahboub, 'Asphalt concrete creep as related to rutting', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 147-163, 1990. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1990)2:3(147).
B.A. Vallerga, C.L. Monismith and A.A. Tayebali, 'Early rutting of asphalt concrete pavement under heavy axle loads in hot desert environment - A case history', Transportation Research Record, no. 1473, pp. 25-34, 1995.
J.E. Haddock, A.J.T. Hand, H. Fang and T.D. White, 'Determining layer contributions to rutting by surface profile analysis', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 131, no. 2, pp. 131-139, 2005. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2005)131:2(131).
K. Gopalakrishnan and M.R. Thompson, 'Assessing damage to airport pavement structure due to complex gear loads', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 132, no. 11, pp. 888-897, 2006. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)132:11(888).
M.R. Pouranian, R. Imaninasab and M. Shishehbor, 'The effect of temperature and stress level on the rutting performance of modified stone matrix asphalt', Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1386-1398, 2020. 10.1080/14680629.2018.1546221.
K.A. Ghuzlan, B.W. Al-Mistarehi and A.S. Al-Momani, 'Rutting performance of asphalt mixtures with gradations designed using bailey and conventional Superpave methods', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 261, 119941, 2020. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119941.
Y. Seo, O. El-Haggan, M. King, S.J. Lee and R. Kim, 'Air void models for the dynamic modulus, fatigue cracking and rutting of asphalt concrete', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 874-883, 2007. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:10(874).
X. Shu and B. Huang, 'Evaluation of Tennessee HMA mixture using simple performance tests', in: Transportation and Development Innovative Best Practices - TDIBP 2008, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Transportation and Development Innovative Best Practices 2008, Beijing, China, pp. 517-522, 2008.
J. Hua and T. White, 'A study of nonlinear tire contact pressure effects on HMA rutting', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 2, no. 10. 1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2002)2:3(353).
L. Al-Qadi, P. Yoo, M. Elseifi, I. Janajreh, G. Chehab and A. Collop, 'Characterization of pavement damage due to different tire configurations', in: Asphalt Paving Technology: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists-Proceedings of the Technical Sessions, vol. 74, pp. 921-961, 2005.
K. Su, L.J. Sun and Y. Hachiya, 'Rut prediction for semi-rigid asphalt pavements', in: First International Symposium on Transportation and Development Innovative Best Practices, TDIBP 2008, ASCE, pp. 486-491, 2008.
B. Ali, M. Sadek and I. Shahrour, 'Finite-Element Model for urban pavement rutting: analysis of pavement rehabilitation methods', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 235-239, 2009. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2009)135:4(235).
M.A. Elseifi, I.L. Al-Qadi and P.J. Yoo, 'Viscoelastic modeling and field validation of flexible pavements', Journal Engineering Mechanic, vol. 132, no. 2, pp. 172-178, 2006. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:2(172).
A.R. Archilla and S. Madanat, 'Development of a pavement rutting model from experimental data', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 291-299, 2000. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2000)126:4(291).
J. Uzan, 'Characterization of asphalt concrete materials for pavement deformation', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 77-86, 2003. 10.1080/10298430310001593272.
F. Zhou, D.H. Chen, T. Scullion and J. Bilyeu, 'Case study: evaluation of laboratory test methods to characterize permanent deformation properties of asphalt mixes', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 155-164, 2003. 10.1080/10298430410001659755.
S.T. Dunhill, G.D. Airey, A.C. Collop and A. Scarpas, 'Advanced constitutive modelling of bituminous materials', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 153-165, 2006. 10.1080/10298430600630528.
K.M. Khan and M.A. Kamal, 'Impact of Superpave mix design method on rutting behavior of flexible pavements in Pakistan', The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 33, no. 2B, pp. 379-390, 2008.
F. Morea, R. Zerbino and J. Agnusdei, 'Wheel tracking rutting performance estimation based on bitumen low shear viscosity (LSV), loading and temperature conditions', Materials and Structures, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 683-692, 2014. 10.1617/s11527-013-0088-3.
Z.A. Alkaissi, 'Effect of high temperature and traffic loading on rutting performance of flexible pavement', Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1-4, 2020, doi:10.1016/ j.jksues.2018.04.005.
F. Linden and J. Van der Heide, 'Some aspects of the compaction of asphalt mixes and its influence on mix properties', in: Proc. Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, vol. 56, pp. 408-426, 1987.
C. Celauro, 'Influence of the hourly variation of temperature on the estimation of fatigue damage and rutting in flexible pavement design', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 221-231, 2004. 10.1080/10298430512331336592.
S. Biswas, L. Hashemian and A. Bayat, 'Investigation on seasonal variation of thermal-induced strain in flexible pavements based on field and laboratory measurement'. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 354-362, 2016. 10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.08.008.
B.L. Swami, Y.A. Mehta and S. Bose, 'A comparison of the Marshall and Superpave mix design procedures for materials sourced in India', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 163-173, 2004. 10.1080/10298430412331309115.
F. Roberts, M. Mohammad and L.Wang, 'History of hot mix asphalt mixture design in the USA', Journal of Materials Civil Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 279-93, 2002. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2002)14:4(279).
I.M. Asi, 'Performance evaluation of SUPERPAVE and Marshall asphalt mix designs to suite Jordan climatic and traffic conditions', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21, pp. 1732-1740, 2007. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.036.
A.E. Hunter, L. McGreavy and G.D. Airey, 'Effect of compaction mode on the mechanical performance and variability of asphalt mixtures', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 135, no. 11, pp. 839-851, 2009. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2009)135:11(839).
T. Xu and X. Huang, 'Investigation into causes of in-place rutting in asphalt pavement', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 28, pp. 525-530, 2012. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.09.007.
C.S. Hughes, 'Experimental mixes to minimize rutting', Boston: ASCE, Boston Society of Civil Engineers Section, pp. 931-942, 1990.
F.T.S. Aragão, A.R.G. Pazos, L.M.G.D. Motta and Y.R. Kim, 'Effects of morphological characteristics of aggregate particles on the mechanical behavior of bituminous paving mixtures', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 123, pp. 444-453, 2016. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.013.
M. Shaheen, A. Almayah and S. Tighe, 'Effects of high friction aggregate and PG plus binder on rutting resistance of hot mix asphalt mixtures', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 292-302, 2017. 10.1080/10298436.2015.1065996.
R.J. Pelland, J.S. Gould and R.B. Mallick, 'Selecting a rut resistant hot mix asphalt for Boston-Logan international airport, airfield pavements: challenges and new technologies', in: Proceedings of Airfield Pavements Specialty Conference 2003, pp. 390-408, 2004.
E. Sangsefidi, H. Ziari and A. Mansourkhaki, 'The effect of aggregate gradation on creep and moisture susceptibility performance of Warm Mix Asphalt', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 133-141, 2014. 10.1080/10298436.2012.752824.
J.M. Matthews and C.L. Monismith, 'Effects of aggregate gradation on the creep response of asphalt mixtures and pavement rutting estimates', in: Effects of Aggregates and Mineral Fillers on Asphalt Mixture Performance, ed. R. Meininger West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, pp. 329-347, 1992. 10.1520/STP24226S.
E.G. Fernando, J.W. Button and W.W. Crockford, 'Rut susceptibility of large stone mixtures', Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 51-59, 1997. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1997)123:1(51).
J.W. Button, D. Perdomo and R.L. Lytton, 'Influence of aggregate on rutting in asphalt concrete pavements', Transportation Research Record, no. 1259, pp. 141-152, 1990.
B. Huang, X. Shu and X. Chen, 'Effects of mineral fillers on hot-mix asphalt laboratory-measured properties', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2007. 10.1080/10298430600819170.
M. Karakouzian, M.R. Dunning, R.L. Dunning and J.D. Stegeman, 'Performance of hot mix asphalt using coarse and skip graded aggregates', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 101-107, 1996. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1996)8:2(101).
W.R. Meier and E.J. Elnicky, 'Laboratory evaluation of shape and surface texture of fine aggregate for asphalt concrete', Transportation Research Record, no. 1250, pp. 25-34, 1989.
T. Fletcher, C. Chandan, E. Masad and K.S. Land, 'Measurement of aggregate texture and its influence on hot mix asphalt (HMA) permanent deformation', Journal of Testing and Evaluation, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 524-531, 2002. 10.1520/JTE12340J.
NCHRP - National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 'Aggregate properties and their relationship to the performance of SuperPave-Designed HMA: A critical review', Final Report, Washington DC: National Academy of Science, pp. 9-35, 2005.
B.D. Prowell, J. Zhang and E.R. Brown, 'Aggregate properties and the performance of Superpave designed hot mix asphalt', National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 539, Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 2005.
H. Zhu and J.E. Nodes, 'Contact based analysis of asphalt pavement with the effect of aggregate angularity', Mechanics of Materials, vol. 32, pp. 193-202, 2000. 10.1016/S0167-6636(99)00054-X.
G. Dondi, A. Simone, V. Vignali and G. Manganelli, 'Numerical and experimental study of granular mixes for asphalts', Powder Technology, vol. 232, pp. 31-40, 2012. 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.07.057.
G. Dondi, A. Simone, V. Vignali and G. Manganelli, 'Discrete element modelling of influences of grain shape and angularity on performance of granular mixes for asphalts', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 53, pp. 399-409, 2012. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.891.
Y. Gao, X. Huang, Z. Qi and J. Zhang, 'Characteristics and permanent deformation in HMA', in: GeoHunan International Conference, ASCE, Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 195, pp. 136-142, 2009. 10.1061/41047(354)20.
E. Coleri, J.T. Harvey, K. Yang and J.M. Boone, 'Micromechanical investigation of open-graded asphalt friction courses’ rutting mechanisms', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 44, pp. 25-34, 2013. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.027.
K.E. Cooper, S.F. Brown and G.R. Pooley, 'The design of aggregate gradings for asphalt basecourses', Proceeding Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, vol. 54, pp. 324-346, 1985.
A. Golalipour, E. Jamshidi, Y. Niazi, Z. Afsharikia and M. Khadem, 'Effect of aggregate gradation on rutting of asphalt pavements', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 53, pp. 440-449, 2012. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.895.
K. Mahboub and D.N. Little, 'Improved asphalt concrete design procedure', Research Report 474-1F, Texas Transportation Institute, 1988.
R.D. Barksdale, 'Test device for evaluating rutting of asphalt concrete mixes', Transportation Research Record, no. 1418, pp. 1-7, 1993.
C.L. Monismith, J.A. Epps and F.N. Finn, 'Improved asphalt mix design', Journal of Asphalt Paving Technologists, vol. 54, pp. 347-391, 1985.
P. Sivapatham and H.J. Beckedahl, 'Influence of the compaction degree of asphalt on rutting and stiffness: comparison between conventional and innovative asphalt. Airfield and Highway Pavement: Meeting Today's Challenges with Emerging Technologies', in: Proceedings of 2006 Airfield and Highway Pavements Specialty Conference, pp. 486-497, 2006. 10.1061/40838(191)41.
J. Yang, H. Lu and H. Zhu, 'Approaches to rut depth prediction in semirigid asphalt pavements', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 135, no. 6, pp. 510-516, 2009. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:6(510).
M.A. Elseifi, G.W. Flintsch and I.L. Al-Qadi, 'Quantitative effect of elastomeric modification on binder performance at intermediate and high temperatures', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 32-40, 2003. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:1(32).
F. Xiao, S. Amirkhanian and C.H. Juang, 'Rutting resistance of rubberized asphalt concrete pavements containing reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 475-483, 2007. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:6(475).
S.J. Lee, S.N. Amirkhanian, B.J. Putman and K.W. Kim, 'Laboratory study on the effects of compaction on the volumetric and rutting properties of CRM asphalt mixtures', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1079-1089, 2007. 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:12(1079).
H.A. Rondón-Quintana, C.A. Zafra-Mejía and J.P. Rodríguez-Miranda, 'Behavior of a hot mix asphalt using gilsonite and recycled concrete aggregate', International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 9723-9733, 2020.
H.A. Rondón, C. Zafra and S. Chavez, 'Performance characteristics and mechanical resistance of a hot mix asphalt using gilsonite and blast furnace slag', Scientiï¬c Review - Engineering and Environmental Sciences, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 503-515, 2019. 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.4.46.
H.A. Rondón, J.A. Noguera and C.F. Urazán, 'Behavior of gilsonite-modified hot mix asphalt by wet and dry processes', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 28, no. 2, 04015114, 2015. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001339.
Q. Lv, W. Huang, H. Sadek, F. Xiao and C. Yan, 'Investigation of the rutting performance of various modified asphalt mixtures using the Hamburg wheel-tracking device test and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 206, pp. 62-70, 2019. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.015.
L. G. Picado-Santos, S. D. Capitão and J.M.C. Neves, 'Crumb rubber asphalt mixtures: a literature review', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 247, 118577, 2020. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118577.
A. Azarhoosh and M. Koohmishi, 'Investigation of the rutting potential of asphalt binder and mixture modified by styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene nanocomposite', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 255, 119363, 2020. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119363.
N.M. Jackson and C.D. Baldwin, 'Assessing the relative rutting susceptibility of HMA in the laboratory with the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 203-217, 2000. 10.1080/10298430008901706.
B. Huang and X. Shu, 'Correlating APA to field permanent deformation for HMA mixes at the NCAT Test Track', in: GeoHunan International Conference, ASCE, Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 195, pp. 25-30, 2009. 10.1061/41045(352)4.
P.A. Garnica, L.J. Gómez and M.J Sesma, 'Mecánica de materiales para pavimentos', Publicación Técnica No. 197, Sanfandila: Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCI) - Instituto Mexicano del Transporte (IMT), 2002.
M.T. Obaidat, T. Al-Suleiman and G. Abdul-Jabbar, 'Quantification of pavement rut depth using stereovision technology', Journal of Surveying Engineering, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 55-70, 1997. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(1997)123:2(55).
R. Tangella, J. Craus, J.A. Deacon and C.L. Monismith, 'Summary report on fatigue response of asphalt mixtures', Report to Strategic Highway Research Program, Washington DC, 147 p., 1990.
X. Chen and Z. Zu, 'Effects of load and temperature on permanent deformation properties of HMA', in: GeoHunan International Conference, ASCE, Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 191, pp. 49-55, 2009. 10.1061/41043(350)7.
LCPC, 'Accelerated Load Testing Facility: The Fatigue Carousel. [Online]. Available: http://media.lcpc.fr/ext/pdf/gdsequipements/manege_200709-en.pdf/. Consulted on 20 August 2009.
W.G. Zhang, S.H. Shen, S.H. Wu and L.N. Mohammad, 'Prediction model for field rut depth of asphalt pavement based on Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test properties', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 29, no. 9, 04017098, 2017. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001946.
W.G. Zhang, X.M. Huang, J. Yang and X.H. Chen, 'Effect of segregation on rutting resistance of asphalt pavement', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 147, pp. 525-532, 2017. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.194.
P.K. Schukla and A. Das, 'A re-visit to the development of fatigue and rutting equations used for asphalt pavement design', International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 355-364, 2008. 10.1080/10298430701690462.
R.D. Barksdale, 'Laboratory evaluation of rutting in basecourse materials', in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Structure Design of Asphalt Pavements, University of Michigan, pp. 161-174, 1972.
J.S. Lai and D. Anderson, 'Irrecoverable and recoverable nonlinear viscoelastic properties of asphalt concrete', Transportation Research Record, no. 468, pp. 73-88, 1973.
M. Perl, J. Uzan and A. Sides, 'Visco-Elasto-Plastic constitutive law for a bituminous mixture under repeated loading', Transportation Research Record, no. 911, pp. 21-27, 1983.
D.B. McLean and C.L. Monismith, 'Estimation of permanent deformation in asphalt concrete layers due to repeated traffic loading', Transportation Research Record, no. 510, pp. 14-30, 1974.
P.J. Van de Loo, 'Practical approach to the prediction of rutting in asphalt pavements: The Shell Method', Transportation Research Record, no. 616, pp. 15-21, 1976.
B. Célard, 'ESSO road design technology', in: Proceedings, Fourth International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, vol. I, Ann Arbor, pp. 249-268, 1977.
J. Verstraeten, J.E. Romain and V. Veverka, 'The Belgian Road Research Center’s overall approach structural design', In: Fourth International Conference on The Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, vol. 1, Proc., Ann Arbor, 1977.
W.J. Kenis, 'Predictive design procedures - a design method for flexible pavements using the VESYS structural subsystem', in: Proceedings, Fourth International Conference on the Stntctural Design of Asphalt Pavements, vol. I, Ann Arbor, pp. 101-130, 1977.
V. Veverka, 'Raming van de Spoordiepte bij wegen met cen bitumineuze verharding', De Wegentechniek, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 25-45, 1979.
K. Majidzadeh, M.G. Aly, F. Bayomy and A. El-Laithy, 'Implementation of a pavement design system', Vols. 1 y 2, Final Report, EES 578, The Ohio State University Engineering Experiment Station, 1980.
J. Verstraeten, V. Veverka and L. Francken, 'Rational and practical design of asphalt pavements to avoid cracking and rutting', In: Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, Delf University of Technology, 1982.
K.H. Tseng and R.L. Lytton, 'Prediction of permanent deformation in flexible pavement materials', J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., vol. 58, pp. 155-156, 1989.
NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 'Development of the 2002 Guide for the Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavements-Flexible Pavements Overview', NCHRP 01-37A. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, 2001.
J.A. Deacon, J.T. Harvey, I. Guada, L. Popescu and C.L. Monismith, 'Analytically based approach to rutting prediction', Transportation Research Record, no. 1806, pp. 9-18, 2002. 10.3141/1806-02.
C.L. Monismith, L. Popescu and J.T. Harvey, 'Rut depth estimation for mechanistic- empirical pavement design using simple shear test results', Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, vol. 75, pp. 1294-1338, 2006.
Z. Quang, L. Yang and J. Xiang, 'The deformation characteristics of asphalt mixture based on dissipation energy', in: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Transportation Engineering, pp. 1250-1255, 2009. 10.1061/41039(345)207.
Q.S. Zhang, Y.L. Chen and X.L. Li, 'Rutting in asphalt pavement under heavy load and high temperature', in: Proceedings of Selected Papers from the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference, Asphalt Material Characterization, Accelerated Testing, and Highway Management (GSP 190), pp. 39-48, 2009. 10.1061/41042(349)6.