Publicamos con gusto el número 34 de la Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín.
Es para nosotros un placer presentar los trece artículos que conforman este número que buscan entregar una publicación que aún continúa en la transición de la implementación de la plataforma OJS versión 3 para mejorar el proceso editorial y los tiempos de respuesta. El apoyo y la comprensión de los autores y los colaboradores, del Comité Editorial de la revista, del Sello Editorial Universidad de Medellin, entre otros, han sido factores clave.
Mercury baseline, department of Antioquia: current fine active sediments in a scale of 1:500.000
Luis Hernan Sanchez Arredondo, Jorge Martín Molina Escobar, Rafael Ignacio Machado Serrano
Based on samples of current fine active sediments and its processing was made the baseline for mercury at the Department of Antioquia (Hg). The samples were analyzed with atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) with a detection limit of 2 μg kg-1. For space modeling, a grid of 100m x 100m was used, so 18,9 million grids of 10.000 m2 were estimated. The cartography was made applying the kriging lognormal geo statistical technique. The high Hg values (>182 μg kg-1) were found in the northeast of Antioquia and are related to gold and silver deposits, mainly with sub-volcanic (hypabyssal) rocks at Segovia-Remedios, Anorí and the Lower Cauca, were values higher to 860 μg kg-1 were found. These values are higher than the maximum allowed limit of 150 μg kg-1, which points out the need for better environmental management. Other regions show smaller values. So, the map becomes a fundamental part of the planning and environmental management of the Department of Antioquia, Colombia.
Estimation of the effects of greenhouse gases generated by wastewater treatment plants located in the basin of the Bogotá River
Diana Lucía Cristancho Montenegro, Wilson Gámez Posada, Jorge Armando Guerra Alfaro, María...
The present study contains a data analysis that links the amount of organics in the wastewater treatment plant a in the basin of the Bogotá river and its incidence in the generation of greenhouse gases during the process of depuration. A series of technical consideration regarding the generations of greenhouse gases among different treatment plants are mentioned. Accordingly with the characteristics of the system employed in the wastewater treatment is determined which is the one generating a higher amount of emissions accounting the actual status of each plant. To achieve so, the level 1 methodology of the IPCC for greenhouse emissions is employed. Based on the results is determined which of the treatment systems used in the wastewater treatment plants are producing most of the greenhouse gases emissions.
Polyethylene terephthalate as a partial replacement for the fine aggregate in concrete mixes
Ana Beatriz Acevedo Jaramillo, Juan Esteban Posada Franco
This research paper, financed by the Eafit University, presents the experimental results in which resistance to compression and manageability of a concrete mix made with a partial replacement for the fine aggregate with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was assessed. The replacement was made by volume, thus the space occupied by the extracted sand particles will be occupied by the PET. Different concrete mixes with sand replacement were made going from 0 % (reference), 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %. The results indicate that increasing the replaced sand percentage decreases the resistance to compression, nonetheless, the manageability is not affected by keeping the granulometric curvature of the aggregates. The replacement percentage of 15 % was determined as the more adequate given its appropriate manageability, a great amount of sand is replaced and an acceptable resistance to compression is obtained.
Web platform design for environmental health: a case study in Colombia
Armando Ordonez, Carlos H. Sierra-Torres, Jessner Mejia
Most of the existing platforms for Environmental health have been created from the point of view of only one of the actors. These approaches are mostly based on proprietary tools and do not integrate all the components associated with environmental health. This paper describes the design of a platform based on free software for environmental health called PSAM. Several actors were included during the design, including environmental and health authorities, community leaders, and community members. PSAM comprises diverse modules to collect data using mobile devices, analyze the collected information and predict the appearance of H. Pylori. Finally, PSAM allows sending SMS to the community for community empowerment. The proposed architecture and learned lessons can serve as the basis for other implementations in the field and can also contribute to Colombia’s government development of a platform for environmental health.
Extraction and characterization of chitin scales from red tilapia (oreochromis sp.) from Huila, Colombia by chemical methods
Angela Goretty García Gómez, Marnie Conde Quintero, Hans Thielin Castro Salazar
Chitin is the second largest lineal biopolymer in the world. Recent advances suggest chitin can be obtained from fish scales. In this article, three different treatments were used to obtain chitin from red tilapia (Orechromis sp.) fish scales. All samples were insoluble in solvents and acid used. They also presented different percentages of carbon (3.27-55.80 %); oxygen (22.09-42.51 %); nitrogen (11.61-11.81 %); P (1.08-22.2 %); Ca (1.26-26.11 %); Na (0.53-1.02 %); and Mg (0.26-0.91 %). The 3,340-3,380 cm-1 bands shown in infrared spectra correspond to hydroxyl group of polymeric glucosamine bases and 1,415 -1,456 cm-1 peaks correspond to characteristic N-H bond of amide functional group. Images (SE) showed different dimensions of particles (0.1 -30 μm) and mean molecular masses, Mw, for Ch1, Ch2 and Ch3 were 1064.28, 1064.56 and 823.428, respectively, with a 1.0074 polydispersity.
Software processes improvement proposal based on PSP for telecommuting contexts
Fáber D. Giraldo, Mónica Michelle Villegas Arias
This article presents a proposal for improving the software process in telecommuting contexts based on the Personal Software Process (PSP) framework of the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). The proposal describes a specification of a software process for those developers who will begin their work on a telecommuting approach and doesn’t have this process defined so they can improve the development of their projects. Traditionally, a software professional is absent of a usual work ambiance and is subjected to his ways of going through development, it is possible that he or she doesn’t have a specific process for software developing or that he or she doesn’t know of one in particular. This article suggestion is focused on giving an improvement based on software processes that allows the developer the engagement of the particular challenges of telecommuting.
Prototype design and implementing of a three-finger adaptive robotic gripper based on the FinRay® structure
Carolina Silva Plata, José Gallardo Arancibia
Given the accelerated advancements in microelectronics and processing systems, robotics are constantly going forward in new areas alongside the industries. Some robotic handlers require being able to maneuver with objects with different dimensions, surfaces, and delicate textures, which sets the need for new final effectors with new mechanics and control features. Likewise, with the ongoing research developed in the bio-mimesis area, a very reliable and viable for replicating nature principles for the development of technological appliances. This document describes the mechanical design and the physical implementing process of an adaptive robotic gripper with jaws based on the FinRay® structure regarding the movement reaction of a fish fins. The achieved results show its effectivity and adaptability for the gripping of different objects.
Web portals for information management and enhancement of the co-creational experience
Liliana González Palacio, Mauricio González Palacio, Manuel Enrique Anaya Taboada, Mario Alberto...
Multiple strategies for a more open innovation have been put into place looking for a conjunct generation of value among different actors through the co-creation of experiences. Some are face-to-face techniques in which participants have to be focused in the same space-time scenario, while other use social media and web portals because of their potential for facilitating collaboration and co-creation naturally while also providing specialized tools according to the particular requirements of s project. This research shows a framework for the selection of a web portal for co-creation, facilitating thus the choice for the more suitable portal for a virtual open innovation process with clear criteria. On one hand, some preliminary results highlight that the adequate choice of the interaction tool in a process of open innovation is decisive for the success of the process. On the other internet is ratified (specifically, tools like business innovation portals) is an enhancer for the interchange of information because it facilitates the interaction among participants geographically scattered while at the same time offers the opportunity of asynchronous collaboration. With this feature time and space as face-to-face limitants are eliminated.
Characterization of information systems for primary health care
Helder Yesid Castrillón Cobo, Álvaro Rendón Gallón, Norman Giovanni Apráez Ippolito
Information Systems play a relevant role for primary health care in policy orientation and attention of users needs; therefore, criteria and mechanisms are required to establish whether in a specific strategy implementation, they provide adequate support. In this paper, a characterization of Information Systems that support primary health care, based on the model of community-oriented primary care is presented. A set of essential characteristics that the Information Systems should offer to support the primary health care was identified, with which it is possible to establish the aspects that require intervention to improve their support for strategy implementation . On the basis of the obtained characterization, the development of a methodology which will allow a more formalized evaluation is under construction.
Bandwidth optimization in BPL power lines using nucleolus and max-min fairness techniques
Juan Carlos Vesga Ferreira, Gerardo Granados Acuna, José Antonio Vesga Barrera
BPL power lines (Broadband Power Line) run under the HomePlug AV (HPAV) standard which uses the technologies CSMA/CA and TDMA as a mechanism of access to the medium, in which CSMA/CA is intended for the transmission of data packets and TDMA is used for the transmission of voice and video packets, in order to offer adequate levels of QoS. However, notwithstanding that the HPAV can reach high transfer rates, it lacks the adequate bandwidth (AB) allocation mechanism, which in turn interferes significantly with the network’s performance as the number of users rise due to the fact that only one node can transmit at once. In line with the raised above and taking into account that a BPL network can be represented as a cooperative game with transferable utilities (UT), the present paper proposes the use of two equitable bandwidth allocation techniques: nucleolus and max-min fairness, which are part of the cooperative game theory. In the comparison of the nucleolus y max-min fairness techniques as an strategy for resource allocation it was found that the latter produces the best results. Furthermore, it was made evident that game theory can be regarded as a groundbreaking strategy for the optimization of resources in a LAN network on BPL.
Robust channel estimation for ultra-wide band communications
Nicey Alberto Yánez Sánchez, Juan Marcos Ramirez, Jose Luis Paredes, Angel Dario Pinto, Jose...
UWB (ultra-wide band) systems transmit low power signals through communication channels that operate in closed environments and in short distances resulting in multiple propagation trajectories. Moreover, the noise affecting these channels can be characterized by the use of statistical models with heavier tails that the ones exhibited by gaussian distribution. This article proposes a robust approach for the estimation of the parameters of UWB channels based on the weighted median. More specifically, it develops an algorithm of greedy search that exploits the low density characteristic of the channel’s impulsive response, in which the gains and delays of the relevant channels are determined by applying the weighted median on an scaled and displaced version of the signal received. This newly introduced algorithm is evaluated using extensive simulations in which the performance of the proposed algorithm surpasses the performance of the traditional greedy search algorithm for different levels of impulsive noise.
A methodological proposal for the technical conception of microgrids
Juan David Mina Casaran, Diego Fernando Echeverry, Carlos Arturo Lozano Moncada
This paper introduces a methodology for the technical conception of microgrids. It takes into account aspects such as the topological survey of the medium power electrical system, the preselection of renewable sources technologies, the prioritisation of the electrical demand, the localization, dimensioning and operative strategies of the distributed generators, the components model and the microgrid evaluation. This methodology proposes the use of a multi-criteria analysis technique for the prioritisation of the demand and the stability index of (SI) voltage for the location of distributed generators in the microgrid. In this work the computational tool for the power system analysis Neplan® was used for the components modeling and evaluation of the microgrid performance through the IREG voltage regulation index and the optimal power management of the microgrid’s generation units.
Technical and economical impacts for marketers due to the implementation of electric vehicles in Colombia
Kevin Eduardo Rojas Quiroga, John Fredy Nieto Vargas, Geovanny Alberto Marulanda
The need for diversification in the Colombian energetical matrix have produced incentives towards greater participation of electric vehicles (EV) in the market. As EV in cities get deeper into the market the greater the impact over the electrical distribution networks will be. In this paper are described the technical and economic impacts that a network operator or energy provider might face in their distribution systems because of the entrance of EV to the Colombian market. For this, three scenarios were simulated over a secondary distribution system belonging to the Fundadores de Manizales network. The results show that the economic and technical impacts among the network operators depend on the Ev technologies, and additionally, show that the marketers might be benefited from its massification in Colombia.