• The journal, in its peer review process, selects international arbitrators with expertise in the topics following a blind double peer system to guarantee that the review is in accordance with anonymity standards.
• The reviewers must state any possible conflict of interests that might arise from the closeness or hostility against any of the authors. Likewise, if the reviewer identifies the author(s) despite the removal of their names from the manuscript. The arbitrators must declare any conflict of interests and reject the invitation of the editors for evaluating the manuscript when, for example, they identify the authorship of the manuscript, they are academically or family-related, they belong to the same university, department or research group, professional network, research project or any other kind of connection or professional proximity. Given any of these cases, the reviewer must decline the editor's invitations for arbitrating the article.
• They must uphold intellectual rights.
• The arbitrators must review the article within the timeline stated by the journal to follow the stipulated times and pay due diligence to the authors and their works.
• The reviewer must keep strict confidentiality in the assessment of the article and must not divulge its content to any third parties.
• The opinion of the reviewers is vital for detecting the originality of the contents and guaranteeing the scientific and literary quality of the manuscript.
• The assessment reports must have an exhaustive analysis of the manuscript, contrasting the information presented on it, the verification of the scientific literature employed in the text and also present a quantitative and qualitative report to the editors on the suitability of the work for its publication.
• The reviewers must make commentaries on the ethical problems arising from possible inadequate conducts of the publications of the research.

AI use:

Reviewers play a crucial role in ensuring the quality and integrity of manuscripts. Their role regarding the use of AI in manuscripts and in their own evaluation process is fundamental.

1. Evaluation of Manuscripts Using AI:

• Detection of Undisclosed Use: If a reviewer suspects that a manuscript has used AI in an undisclosed manner (e.g., by identifying unusual writing patterns, "hallucinations," or inconsistencies in information), they must immediately inform the editor.
• Content Verification: Reviewers should pay special attention to the accuracy and coherence of AI-generated content declared by the authors. It is essential to verify that the information is correct and that there are no distortions or fabrications.
• Originality and Plagiarism: Reviewers must remain vigilant for possible cases of plagiarism, even in manuscripts that declare AI use. The use of plagiarism detection tools remains a good practice.
• Clarity and Transparency: It must be assessed whether the authors' disclosure of AI use is clear, complete, and appropriate.

2. Use of AI in the Evaluation Process:

• Confidentiality: Reviewers must not input confidential manuscripts into AI tools (e.g., publicly accessible language models like ChatGPT) that may store or use the text for their training. This would violate the confidentiality of the peer review process.
• Support Tools (under strict supervision): Reviewers may use AI tools for auxiliary tasks, such as grammar checking or translation, provided that the confidentiality of the manuscript is ensured. If the tool requires uploading the manuscript, it must be a secure platform approved by the journal, with guarantees of no storage or use of content for training. In case of doubt, it should not be used.
• No Substitution of Professional Judgment: AI must not be used to generate evaluation summaries, revision suggestions, or acceptance/rejection decisions. The critical and professional judgment of the reviewer is irreplaceable.
• Disclosure: If a reviewer has used AI tools to support their review (and this has been approved by the journal if it involves handling the manuscript text), they should consider disclosing it to the editor.

To delve into details about the principles governing the use of AI in the journal, please review the Guide to Good Practices for the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Editorial Process of Ciencias Sociales y Educación.