White-collar Crime and Human Rights: An Analysis of Edwin Hardin Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory
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Abstract
This article aims to analyze whether the concepts of differential association theory and white-collar crime, both formulated by Edwin H. Sutherland, are applicable in the context of contemporary criminality, especially regarding the crime of money laundering. Using a deductive method and an approach based on bibliographic analysis, the study begins with a theoretical exposition of the aforementioned concepts and then examines money laundering and its relationship with the premises of white-collar crime, culminating in an analysis of the trial of Criminal Action No. 470 (the “Mensalão” case). Results indicate that, although there has been progress in holding high-ranking officials criminally accountable, the legal system still exhibits structural selectivity, with unequal application of criminal law based on the socioeconomic status of those involved. The main conclusion indicates that Sutherland’s propositions remain valid to understand the punitive system’s asymmetries, revealing that white-collar crimes, although formally punishable, still receive privileged treatment, which compromises the effectiveness of penal justice and the protection of the human rights of marginalized groups.
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